Founded in 1902 as
Madrid Football Club, has traditionally worn a white home kit since. The word
Real is Spanish for
royal and was bestowed to the club by
King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem. The team has played its home matches in the 85,454-capacity
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European football clubs, Real Madrid's members (
socios) have owned and operated the club since its inception.
History[edit]
Early years (1897–1945)[edit]
Real Madrid s origins go back to when football was introduced to Madrid by the academics and students of the
Institución libre de enseñanza, which included several
Cambridge and
Oxford University graduates. They founded
Football Club Sky in 1897, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa. It split into two clubs in 1900:
New Foot-Ball de Madrid and
Club Español de Madrid.
[9] On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by
Juan Padrós had been elected, Madrid Football Club was officially founded.
[3] Three years after its foundation, in 1905,
Madrid FC won its first title after defeating
Athletic Bilbao in the
Spanish Cup final. The club became one of the founding sides of the
Royal Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909, when club president
Adolfo Meléndez signed the foundation agreement of the Spanish FA. After moving between grounds the team moved to the
Campo de O'Donnell in 1912.
[10] In 1920, the club's name was changed to Real Madrid after
King Alfonso XIII granted the title of
Real (Royal) to the club.
[11]
In 1929, the first
Spanish football league was founded. Real Madrid led the first league season until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to Barcelona.
[12] Real Madrid won its first League title in the
1931–32 season. Real won the League again the following year, becoming the first side to have won the championship twice.
[13]
On 14 April 1931, the arrival of the
Second Spanish Republic caused the club to lose the title Real and went back to being named Madrid Football Club. Football continued during the Second World War, and on 13 June 1943 Madrid beat
Barcelona 11–1 in the second leg of a semi-final
[14] of the
Copa del Generalísimo, the Copa del Rey having been renamed in honour of
General Franco. It has been suggested that Barcelona players were intimidated by police,
[15] including by the director of state security who "allegedly told the team that some of them were only playing because of the regime's generosity in permitting them to remain in the country."
[16](p26) The Barcelona chairman, Enric Piñeyro, was assaulted by Madrid fans.
[17](p284)
Santiago Bernabéu Yeste and European success (1945–1978)[edit]
Alfredo Di Stéfano, led the club to win five European Cups consecutively (currently, the Champions League)
In 1955, acting upon the idea proposed by the French sports journalist and editor of
L'Équipe Gabriel Hanot, Bernabéu, Bedrignan and
Gusztáv Sebes created an exhibition tournament of invited teams from around Europe that would eventually become what today is known as the
UEFA Champions League.
[21] It was under Bernabéu's guidance that Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football. The club won the European Cup five times in a row between 1956 and 1960, which included the 7–3 Hampden Park
final against
Eintracht Frankfurt in
1960.
[20] After these five consecutive successes, Real was permanently awarded the original cup and earning the right to wear the
UEFA badge of honour.
[22] The club won the European Cup for a sixth time in
1966defeating
Partizan Belgrade 2–1 in
the final with a team composed entirely of same nationality players, a first in the competition.
[23] This team became known as the
Yé-yé. The name "Ye-yé" came from the "Yeah, yeah, yeah" chorus in
The Beatles' song "
She Loves You" after four members of the team posed for
Diario Marca dressed in Beatles wigs. The Ye-yé generation was also European Cup runner-up in
1962 and
1964.
[23]
In the 1970s, Real Madrid won five league championships and three Spanish Cups.
[24] The club played its first UEFA Cup Winners' Cup final in 1971 and lost to English side Chelsea 2–1.
[25] On 2 July 1978, club president Santiago Bernabéu died while the
World Cup was being played in
Argentina. The International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) decreed three days of mourning to honour him during the tournament.
[26] The following year, the club organized the first edition of the
Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu in the memory of its former president.
Quinta del Buitre and seventh European Cup (1980–2000)[edit]
By the early 1980s, Real Madrid had lost its grasp on the
La Liga title until a new batch of home-grown stars brought
domestic success back to the club.
[27]Spanish sport journalist Julio César Iglesias gave to this generation the name
La Quinta del Buitre ("Vulture's Cohort"), which was derived from the nickname given to one of its members,
Emilio Butragueño. The other four members were
Manuel Sanchís,
Martín Vázquez,
Míchel and
Miguel Pardeza; all five footballers were graduates of
Real Madrid's youth academy.
[28] With
La Quinta del Buitre (reduced to four members when Pardeza left the club for
Zaragoza in 1986) and notable players like goalkeeper
Francisco Buyo, right-back Miguel Porlán
Chendo and Mexican striker
Hugo Sánchez, Real Madrid had one of the best teams in Spain and Europe during the second half of the 1980s, winning two UEFA Cups, five
Spanish championships in a row, one Spanish cup and three
Spanish Super Cups.
[28] In the early 1990s,
La Quinta del Buitre split up after Martín Vázquez, Emilio Butragueño and Míchel left the club.
In 1996, President
Lorenzo Sanz appointed
Fabio Capello as coach. Although his tenure lasted only one season, Real Madrid was proclaimed league champion and players like
Roberto Carlos,
Predrag Mijatović,
Davor Šuker and
Clarence Seedorf arrived at the club to strengthen a squad that already boasted the likes of
Raúl,
Fernando Hierro,
Iván Zamorano, and
Fernando Redondo. As a result, Real Madrid (with the addition of
Fernando Morientes in 1997) finally ended its 32-year wait for its seventh European Cup. In 1998, under manager
Jupp Heynckes, The Whites defeated Juventus 1–0 in the final thanks to a goal from
Predrag Mijatović.
[29]
Los Galácticos (2000–2006)[edit]
For more details on this topic, see
Galáctico.
Beckham and Zidane were considered "Galácticos"
In July 2000,
Florentino Pérez was elected club president.
[30] He vowed in his campaign to erase the club's 270 million euro debt and modernize the club's facilities. However, the primary electoral promise that propelled Pérez to victory was the signing of
Luís Figo.
[31] The following year, the club got its training ground rezoned and used the money to begin assembling the famous
Galáctico side including players such as
Zinédine Zidane,
Ronaldo,
Luís Figo,
Roberto Carlos,
Raúl,
Fabio Cannavaro and
David Beckham. It is debatable whether the gamble paid off, as despite a UEFA Champions League and an
Intercontinental Cup (football) win in 2002, followed by the League in 2003, the club failed to win a major trophy for the next three seasons.
[32] In the summer of 2003, just after capturing another La Liga title, Florentino Pérez and the board of directors refused to renew the contract of coach
Vicente del Bosque and after an internal dispute forced captain
Fernando Hierro to leave the club. They also ignored
Claude Makélélé's request of a new contract with a better salary, in return, Makélélé asked for a transfer request, and was transferred to Chelsea.
[citation needed]
The few days after the capturing of the league title were surrounded with controversy. The first controversial decision came when Perez sacked winning coach Vicente del Bosque, after Real's sporting director claimed that del Bosque was not the right man for the job; they wanted someone young to shake up the team.
[citation needed] The bad atmosphere continued when the Real legend and captain Fernando Hierro left the club after a disagreement with the management, as did
Steve McManaman.
[citation needed] However, the club toured Asia in pre-season and introduced newly signed
David Beckham. Perez and his directors refused to renew
Claude Makélélé's contract with a better salary, upsetting Makelele who asked for a transfer, eventually moving to Chelsea F.C..
[citation needed]In the final days of the transfer window, Fernando Morientes left the club on loan to Monaco.
[citation needed] Real Madrid, with newly appointed coach Carlos Queiroz, started their domestic league slowly after a hard win over Real Betis.
[citation needed]
The 2005–06 season began with the promise of several new signings —
Julio Baptista (€20 Million),
Robinho (€30 Million) and
Sergio Ramos (€30 Million – Release Clause) —
[citation needed] but the Portuguese coach was not able to find the right formula on the pitch as Real Madrid's poor form continued, with the team hitting rock bottom after a humiliating 0–3 loss at the hands of F.C. Barcelona in the Santiago Bernabéu.
[citation needed] Luxemburgo would eventually resign and his replacement was
Juan Ramón López Caro, formally the manager of
Real Madrid Castilla.
[citation needed] A brief return to form came to an abrupt halt after losing the first leg of the Copa del Rey quarterfinal, 6–1 to Real Zaragoza.
[citation needed] Shortly after, Real Madrid were eliminated from the Champions League for a fourth successive year, this time at the hands of Arsenal. On 27 February 2006, Florentino Pérez resigned.
[33]
New president Ramón Calderón (2006–2009)[edit]
Ramón Calderón was elected as club president on 2 July 2006 and subsequently appointed Fabio Capello as the new coach and
Predrag Mijatović as the new sporting director. Real Madrid won the
La Liga title in 2007 for the first time in four years but Capello was sacked.
[34] On 9 June 2007, Real played against
Zaragoza at
La Romareda. The match got off to a bad start when Real Madrid were forced to change their lineup some minutes before the start of the match when young defender
Miguel Torres tore his hamstring during warm-up.
[citation needed] Zaragoza led Real 2–1 near the end of the match while Barcelona were also winning against Espanyol 2–1. Real's title challenge looked to be over.
[citation needed] However, a late
Ruud van Nistelrooy equalizer followed by a last minute
Raúl Tamudo goal sprang Real Madrid's title hopes back into their favour.
[citation needed] Sevilla were also held 0–0 away against
Mallorca, which meant that a win at home against Mallorca would effectively secure Los Merengues their 30th Spanish league title.
[citation needed]
The title was won on 17 June, Real faced Mallorca at the
Bernabéu, while
Barcelona and
Sevilla, the other title challengers, faced
Gimnàstic de Tarragona and
Villarreal respectively. At half time Real were 0–1 down, while Barcelona had surged ahead into a 0–3 lead in
Tarragona; however, three goals in the last half-an-hour secured Real Madrid a 3–1 win and their first league title since 2003. The first goal came from
Reyes who scored after a good work from
Higuaín. An own goal followed by another delightful goal from Reyes allowed Real to begin celebrating the title. Thousands of Real Madrid fans began going to
Plaza de Cibeles to celebrate the title.
[citation needed]
Second Pérez Term and the Mourinho era (2009–2013)[edit]
Cristiano Ronaldo, the first player ever to score against every team in a single season in La Liga.
José Mourinho took over as manager in May 2010.
[38][39] In April 2011, a strange occurrence happened, for the first time ever, four
Clásicos were to be played in a span of eighteen days. The first fixture was for the Liga campaign on 17 April (which ended 1–1 with penalty goals for both sides), the
Copa del Rey final (which ended 1–0 to Madrid), and the controversial two-legged Champions League semifinal on 27 April and 2 May (3–1 loss on aggregate) to Barcelona.
The first Clasico saw
Cristiano Ronaldo get his first goal against Barcelona due to a penalty given to Madrid after a foul to
Marcelo. The Copa del Rey final gave Real Madrid its first title under Mourinho with a header from Cristiano Ronaldo in extra time. The Champions League semifinal was perhaps the most controversial of the four, with the expulsion of
Pepe in the first leg at the Santiago Bernabéu, after an alleged "dangerous challenge" to Barcelona defender
Daniel Alves. Alves was carried out in a stretcher "unable to walk", but after Pepe was shown red, Alves came running back into the field within seconds. After Pepe's sending off, coach José Mourinho was also sent off, receiving a fine and a five-match ban. This same match was also controversial in that Barcelona midfielder
Sergio Busquets being captured on video saying what seemed like a supposed racial slur to Madrid left-back
Marcelo. The second leg was not as controversial as the first, with perhaps the exception of an annulled goal to
Gonzalo Higuaín, after Cristiano Ronaldo was deemed to have fouled
Javier Mascherano as a result of a foul to Ronaldo by
Gerard Piqué.
[40]
In the 2011–12 La Liga season, Real Madrid won the league, a record 32nd time in La Liga history and finished the season with a number of records including 100 points in a single season, a record 121 goals scored & goal difference of +89, and a record 16 away wins and 32 overall wins.
[41] In the same season, Cristiano Ronaldo become the fastest player to reach 100 goals in Spanish league history. In reaching 101 goals in 92 games, Ronaldo surpassed Real Madrid legend
Ferenc Puskás, who scored 100 goals in 105 games. Ronaldo set a new club mark for individual goals scored in one year (60), and became the first player ever to score against all 19 opposition teams in a single season.
[42][43]
The Ancelotti era (2013–present)[edit]
After a disappointing
extra time loss to
Atlético Madrid in the
2013 Copa del Rey final (which broke a 14-year skid for
Atleti), Florentino Perez announced the departure of Mourinho at the end of the season by "mutual agreement".
[44] Mourinho considered the 2012-13 season as "the worst of my career",
[45] in which the team finished second in the league, a third straight semifinal finish at the Champions League, and were runners up in the Copa del Rey. Mourinho returned to the
English Premier League with
Chelsea, a team he managed from 2004 to 2007.
On 25 June 2013,
Carlo Ancelotti became the manager of Real Madrid, succeeding Mourinho, by signing a three-year deal.
[46][47] A day later, he was introduced at his first press conference for Madrid where it was announced that both
Zinedine Zidane and Paul Clement will be his assistants.
[48] On 1 September 2013, the long-awaited transfer of
Gareth Bale was announced. The transfer of the Welshman is reportedly the new world record signing, with the transfer price expected to be around €100 million.
[49]
Crest and shirt[edit]
The progression of Real Madrid's crest since the Club's formation in 1902.
The first crest had a simple design consisting of a decorative interlacing of the three initials of the club, "MCF" for Madrid Club de Fútbol, in dark blue on a white shirt. The first change in the crest occurred in 1908 when the letters adopted a more streamlined form and appeared inside a circle.
[50] The next change in the configuration of the crest did not occur until the presidency of
Pedro Parages in 1920. At that time,
King Alfonso XIII granted the club his royal patronage which came in the form of the title "Real Madrid", roughly translated as "Royal".
[51] Thus, Alfonso's crown was added to the crest and the club styled itself
Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.
[50]
With the dissolution of the monarchy in 1931, all the royal symbols (the crown on the crest and the title of Real) were eliminated. The crown was replaced by the dark mulberry band of the Region of Castile.
[13] In 1941, two years after the end of the
Civil War, the crest's "Real Corona", or "Royal Crown", was restored while the mulberry stripe of
Castile was retained as well.
[18] In addition, the whole crest was made full color, with gold being the most prominent, and the club was again called Real Madrid Club de Fútbol.
[50] The most recent modification to the crest occurred in 2001 when the club wanted to better situate itself for the 21st century and further standardize its crest. One of the modifications made was changing the mulberry stripe to a more bluish shade.
[50]
Real Madrid's traditional home colours are all white, although before its foundation the first kit initially adopted a blue oblique stripe on the shirt (the design was kept in the club crest); but unlike today, dark blue socks were worn. In the same year, the blue socks were replaced by black ones.
[12][52] Real Madrid has maintained the white shirt for its home kit throughout the history of the club. There was however one season that the shirt and shorts were not both white. It was an initiative undertaken by Ecobal and Quesada in 1925, the two were traveling through England when they noticed the kit worn by London-based team
Corinthian F.C., one of the most famous teams at the time known for its elegance and sportsmanship. It was decided that Real Madrid would wear black shorts in an attempt to look like the English team but the initiative lasted only one year. After being eliminated from the cup by Barcelona with a 1–5 defeat in Madrid and a 2–0 defeat in Catalonia, President Parages decided to return to an all-white kit claiming that the other brought bad luck. Years later,
Leeds United switched their blue shirt for a white one after marveling at Real Madrid's 7–3 Victory against
Eintracht Frankfurt in Glasgow's
Hampden Park.
[53] By the early 1940s the manager changed the kit again by adding buttons to the shirt and the club's crest on the left breast (which have remained ever since). On 23 November 1947, in a game against
Atlético Madrid at the
MetropolitanoStadium, Real Madrid became the first Spanish team to wear numbered shirts.
[18]
Real's traditional away colours are all black or all purple. The club's kit is currently manufactured by
Adidas whose contract extends from 1998.
[54][55] Real Madrid's first shirt sponsor,
Zanussi, agreed for the 1982–83, 1983–84 and 1984–85 seasons. Following that, the club was sponsored by
Parmalat and Otaysa before a long-term deal was signed with Teka in 1992.
[56][57] In 2001, Real Madrid ended their contract with Teka and for one season used the Realmadrid.com logo to promote the club's website. Then, in 2002, a deal was signed with
Siemens Mobile and in 2006, the
BenQ Siemens logo appeared on the club's shirt.
[58] Real Madrid's current shirt sponsor is
bwin.com following the economic problems of BenQ Siemens.
[59][60]
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors[edit]
*Realmadrid.com appeared as shirt sponsor to promote the club's new website.
Grounds[edit]
| Santiago Bernabéu |
|---|
 |
| Broke ground | 27 October 1944 |
|---|
| Opened | 14 December 1947 |
|---|
| Architect | Manuel Muñoz Monasterio, Luis Alemany Soler, Antonio Lamela |
|---|
| Capacity | 85,454 |
|---|
| Field dimensions | 107 m × 72 m (351 ft × 236 ft)[61] |
|---|
After moving between grounds the team moved to the
Campo de O'Donnell in 1912, which remained its home ground for eleven years.
[10]After this period, the club moved for one year to the
Campo de Ciudad Lineal, a small ground with a capacity of 8,000 spectators. After that, Real Madrid moved its home matches to
Estadio Chamartín which was inaugurated on 17 May 1923 with a match against
Newcastle United.
[62] In this stadium, which hosted 22,500 spectators, Real Madrid celebrated its first Spanish league title.
[12] After some successes, the 1943 elected president
Santiago Bernabéu decided that the Estadio Chamartín was not big enough for the ambitions of the club. A new stadium was built and was inaugurated on 14 December 1947.
[18][63] This was the
Santiago Bernabéu Stadium as it is known today, although it did not acquire this name until 1955.
[20] The first match held on Bernabéu was played between Real Madrid and the Portuguese club
Belenenses and won by The Whites with 3–1, the first goal being scored by Sabino Barinaga.
[18]
The capacity has changed frequently, peaking at 120,000 after a 1953 expansion.
[64][65] Since then, there have been a number of reductions due to modernizations (the last standing places went away in 1998–99 in response to
UEFA regulations which forbids standing at matches in the UEFA competition), countered to some extent by expansions.
[64] The last change was an increase of about five thousand to a capacity of 85,454, effected in 2011. A plan to add a retractable roof has been announced.
[66] Real Madrid has the fourth highest of the
average attendances of European football clubs only behind
Borussia Dortmund,
FC Barcelona, and
Manchester United.
[67][68][69][70]
On 9 May 2006, the
Alfredo Di Stéfano Stadium was inaugurated at the City of Madrid where Real Madrid usually trains. The inaugural match was played between Real Madrid and
Stade Reims, a rematch of the 1956 European Cup final. Real Madrid won the match 6–1 with goals from
Sergio Ramos,
Cassano (2),
Soldado (2), and
Jurado. The venue is now part of the
Ciudad Real Madrid, the club's new training facilities located outside
Madrid in Valdebebas. The stadium holds 5,000 people and is
Real Madrid Castilla's home ground. It is named after former Real footballer Alfredo Di Stéfano.
[74]
Records and statistics[edit]
Raúl is Real Madrid's all-time leader in goals scored and appearances.
Raúl holds the record for most Real Madrid appearances, having played 741 first-team matches from 1994 to 2010.
Manuel Sanchis, Jr. comes second, having played 711 times.
[75] The record for a goalkeeper is held by
Iker Casillas, with 630 appearances. With 139 caps (all at the club), he's also Real's most capped international player. While with 127 caps (47 while at the club),
Luís Figo of Portugal is Real's most capped international Non-Spanish player.
[76]
Raúl is Real's all-time top goalscorer, with 323 goals in 741 games (1994–2010).
[77] Four other players have also scored over 200 goals for Real:
Alfredo Di Stéfano (1953–64),
Santillana (1971–88),
Ferenc Puskás (1958–66) and
Hugo Sánchez (1985–92). Portuguese
Cristiano Ronaldo holds the record for the most league goals scored in one season (46 in 2011–12). Di Stéfano's 49 goals in 58 matches was for decades the all-time highest tally in the European Cup, until it was surpassed by Raúl in 2005. The fastest goal in the history of the club (15 seconds) was scored by Brazilian
Ronaldo on 3 December 2003 during a league match against
Atlético Madrid.
[78]
Officially, the highest home attendance figure for a Real Madrid match is 83,329, which was for a football cup competition,
Copa del Rey, in 2006. The current legal capacity of
Estadio Santiago Bernabéu is 80,354.
[79] The club's
average attendance in
2007–08 season was 76,234, the highest in
European Leagues.
[80] Real has also set records in Spanish football, most notably the most domestic titles (31 as of 2007–08) and the most seasons won in a row (5, during 1960–65 and 1985–90).
[81] With 121 matches (from 17 February 1957 to 7 March 1965), the club holds the record for longest unbeaten run at home in La Liga.
[82]
Support[edit]
During most home matches the majority of the seats in the stadium are occupied by season ticket holders, of which there are average of 68,670.
[1] To become a season ticket holder one must first be a
socio, or club member. In addition to members, the club has more than 1,800
peñas (official, club-affiliated supporters' groups) in Spain and around the world. Real Madrid has the second highest average all-time attendance in Spanish football and regularly attracts over 74,000 fans to
Santiago Bernabéu; it was the second best-supported La Liga team in the 2004–05 season, with an average gate of 71,900.
[88] Real Madrid's hardcore supporters are the so-called
Ultras Sur supporters. They are known for their extreme
right-wing politics. The Ultras Sur have developed an alliance with other right wing groups, most notably
S.S. Lazio Irriducibili fans. On several occasions they have racially abused opposing players, and have been investigated by UEFA for doing so.
[89][90]
Rivalries[edit]
El Clásico[edit]
Barcelona players formed a guard of honour for Real Madrid as champions of the league.
There is often a fierce rivalry between the two strongest teams in a national league, and this is particularly the case in La Liga, where the game between Real Madrid and Barcelona is known as 'The Classic' (
El Clásico). From the start of national competitions the clubs were seen as representatives of two rival regions in Spain:
Catalonia and
Castile, as well as of the two cities. The rivalry reflects what many regard as the political and cultural tensions felt between
Catalans and the
Castilians, seen by one author as a re-enactment of the
Spanish Civil War.
[91] Over the years, the record from Real Madrid and Barcelona is 81 victories for Madrid, 76 victories for Barcelona, and 39 ties.
[92]
During the dictatorships of
Primo de Rivera and especially of
Francisco Franco (1939–1975), all regional cultures were suppressed. All of the languages spoken in Spanish territory, except Spanish (
Castilian) itself, were officially banned.
[93][94] Symbolising the Catalan people's desire for freedom,
Barcelona became 'More than a club' (
Més que un club) for the Catalans. According to
Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, the best way for the Catalans to demonstrate their identity was by joining Barcelona. It was less risky than joining a clandestine anti-Franco movement, and allowed them to express their dissidence.
[95]
During the 1950s the rivalry was exacerbated further when there was a
controversy surrounding the transfer of
Alfredo Di Stéfano, who finally played for Real Madrid and was key to their subsequent success.
[98] The 1960s saw the rivalry reach the European stage when they met twice at the knock-out rounds of the European Cup. In 2002, the European encounter between the clubs was dubbed the "Match of The Century" by Spanish media, and was watched by more than 500 million people.
[100]
El Derbi madrileño[edit]
Real Madrid supporters during the 2006 El Derbi madrileño match held at Santiago Bernabéu.
The club's nearest neighbour is
Atlético Madrid, a rivalry being shared between fans of both football teams. Although Atlético was originally founded by three
Basque students in 1903, it was joined in 1904 by dissident members of
Madrid FC. Further tensions came because initially Real supporters came from the middle class while the Atlético supporters were drawn from the working class. Today these distinctions are largely blurred. They met for the first time on 21 February 1929 in matchday three of the first
League Championship at the former
Chamartín. It was the first official derby of the new tournament, and Real won 2–1.
[12]
The rivalry first gained international attention in 1959 during the
European Cup when the two clubs met in the semi-final. Real won the first leg 2–1 at the Bernabéu while Atlético won 1–0 at the
Metropolitano. The tie went to a replay and The Whites won 2–1. Atlético, however, gained some revenge when, led by former Real Madrid coach
José Villalonga, it defeated The Whites in two successive
Copa del Generalísimo finals in 1960 and 1961.
[101]
Between 1961 and 1989, when Real dominated
La Liga, only Atlético offered it any serious challenge, winning Liga titles in 1966, 1970, 1973 and 1977. In 1965, Atlético became the first team to beat Real at the Bernabéu in eight years. Real Madrid's record against Atlético in more recent times is very favorable.
[102] A high point coming in the
2002–03 season, when The Whites clinched the La Liga title after an impressive victory at Atlético 0–4 at the
Vicente Calderón Stadium.
[103]
Finances and ownership[edit]
It was under Florentino Pérez's first presidency (2000–2006) that Real Madrid started its ambition of becoming the world's richest professional football club.
[104] The club ceded part of its training grounds to the city of Madrid in 2001, and sold the rest to four corporations: Repsol YPF, Mutua Automovilística de Madrid, Sacyr Vallehermoso and OHL. The sale eradicated the club's debts, paving the way for it to buy the world's most expensive players such as
Zinédine Zidane,
Luís Figo,
Ronaldo and
David Beckham. The city had previously rezoned the training grounds for development, a move which in turn increased their value, and then bought the site.
[32] The EU-commission started an investigation into whether the city overpaid for the property, to be considered a form of state subsidy.
[105]
The sale of the training ground for office buildings cleared Real Madrid's debts of €270m and enabled the club to embark upon an unprecedented spending spree which brought big-name players to the club. In addition, profit from the sale was spent on a state-of-the-art training complex on the city's outskirts.
[106] Although Pérez's policy resulted in increased financial success from the exploitation of the club's high marketing potential around the world, especially in Asia, it came under increasing criticism for being too focused on marketing the Real Madrid brand, and not enough on the performances of the team.
By September 2007, Real Madrid was considered the most valuable football brand in Europe by
BBDO.
[107] In 2008, it was ranked the second most valuable club in football, with a value of €951 mil (£640 million / $1.285 billion),
[108] only beaten by Manchester United, which was valued at €1.333 billion (£900 million).
[109] In 2010, Real Madrid had the highest turnover in football worldwide. In September 2009, Real Madrid's management announced plans to open its own dedicated theme park by 2013.
[111]
A study at
Harvard University concluded that Real Madrid "is one of the 20 most important brand names and the only one in which its executives, the players, are well-known. We have some spectacular figures in regard to worldwide support of the club. There are an estimated 287 million people worldwide who follow Real Madrid."
[112] In 2010,
Forbes evaluated Real Madrid's worth to be around €992 million (USD $1,323 million), ranking them second after Manchester United, based on figures from the 2008–09 season.
[113][114] According to
Deloitte, Real Madrid had a recorded revenue of €401 million in the same period, ranking first.
[115]
Along with FC Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao, and
Osasuna, Real Madrid is organised as a registered association. This means that Real Madrid is owned by its supporters who elect the clubs president. The club president cannot invest his own money into the club
[116] it can only spend what it earns, this is mainly derived through merchandise sales, television rights and ticket sales. Unlike a
limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in the club, but only membership.
[117] The members of Real Madrid, called
socios, form an assembly of delegates which is the highest governing body of the club.
[118] As of 2010 the club has 60,000
socios.
[119] At the end of the 2009–10 season, the club board of directors of the club stated that Real Madrid had a net debt of €244.6 million, 82.1 million lower than the previous fiscal year. Real madrid announced that it had a net debt of €170 million after the 2010–11 season.
[120]
From 2007 to 2011 the club made a net profit of €190 million.
[121][122]
During the 2009–10 season the Real Madrid made €150 million through ticket sales, which was the highest in top flight football.
[121] Real Madrid has the highest number of shirt sales a season, around 1.5 million.
[121]
For the 2010–11 season its wage bill totalled €169 million, which was second highest in Europe behind FC Barcelona.
[123] However its wage bill to turnover ratio was the best in Europe at 43%, ahead of Manchester United and Arsenal F.C. at 46% and 50% respectively.
Popular culture[edit]
Real Madrid was the featured club in the second edition of the
Goal! football movie trilogy,
Goal! 2: Living the Dream... (2007). The film follows former
Newcastle United star Santiago Muñez as he is first scouted, and then signed by Real Madrid for the 2005–06 season. The film's creators wanted to put emphasis on the changes in Muñez's life after his move to Madrid. Production was done with the full support of UEFA, allowing the film crew to use many real life players in cameo roles. Real Madrid squad members featured in the film included
Iker Casillas,
Zinedine Zidane,
David Beckham,
Ronaldo,
Roberto Carlos,
Raúl,
Sergio Ramos,
Robinho,
Thomas Gravesen,
Michael Owen,
Míchel Salgado,
Júlio Baptista,
Steve McManaman,
Jonathan Woodgate, and
Iván Helguera. Non-Real Madrid players to make cameo appearances included
Ronaldinho,
Thierry Henry,
Lionel Messi,
Samuel Eto'o,
Andrés Iniesta,
Pablo Aimar,
Fredrik Ljungberg,
Cesc Fàbregas,
Santiago Cañizares and others. In the film, both
Florentino Pérez and
Alfredo Di Stéfano presented the fictional player Muñez to the club after his signing.
[124]
Real, The Movie is a 2005 part feature, part documentary film that showcases the world-wide passion for Real Madrid C.F. Produced by the club and directed by Borja Manso, it follows five sub-stories of fans from around the world and their love for Real Madrid. Along with the fictional portion of the film, it also contains real footage of the squad, during training at
Ciudad Real Madrid, matches, and interviews. Although the film mentions all of the squad, it mainly focuses on
galácticos such as
David Beckham,
Zinedine Zidane,
Raúl,
Luís Figo,
Ronaldo,
Iker Casillas, and
Roberto Carlos, among others. The film was originally produced in Spanish, but has been dubbed for their world-wide fanbase.
The book
White Storm: 100 years of Real Madrid by
Phil Ball was the first English-language history of Real Madrid. Published in 2002, it talks about the most successful moments of the club during its first centenary, having been translated into various languages.
On 7 December 2011, Real Madrid released a dance adaptation of the club's anthem, "Himno del Real Madrid", titled "Everybody" as the first single from an upcoming album entitled
The Legends: The Official Real Madrid Digital Music Album. It was created Australian DJs
The Stafford Brothers.
[125]
Real Madrid TV[edit]
Players[edit]
Spanish teams are limited to three players without EU citizenship. The squad list includes only the principal nationality of each player; several non-European players on the squad have dual citizenship with an EU country. Also, players from the
ACP countries—countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the
Cotonou Agreement—are not counted against non-EU quotas due to the
Kolpak ruling.
First-team squad[edit]
- As of 3 September 2013.[126]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Out on loan[edit]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Personnel[edit]
Current technical staff[edit]
Management[edit]
| Position | Staff |
|---|
| President | Florentino Pérez |
| Honorary Life President | Alfredo Di Stéfano |
| 1st Vice-president | Fernando Fernández Tapias |
| 2nd Vice-president | Eduardo Fernández de Blas |
| Secretary of the Board | Enrique Sánchez González |
| Director General | José Ángel Sánchez |
| Director of the President's Office | Manuel Redondo |
| Director of the Social Area | José Luis Sánchez |
Honours[edit]
Domestic competitions[edit]
- Winners (32): 1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12
- Runners-up (21): 1929, 1933–34, 1934–35, 1935–36, 1941–42, 1944–45, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09,2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13
- Winners (18): 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1917, 1934, 1936, 1946, 1947, 1961–62, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1988–89, 1992–93, 2010–11
- Runners-up (20): 1903, 1916, 1918, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1933, 1940, 1943, 1958, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–1968, 1978–79, 1982–83, 1989–90, 1991–92, 2001–02, 2003–04, 2012–13
- Winners (9): 1988, 1989*, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012
- Runners-up (4): 1982, 1995, 2007, 2011
- (* Won Copa del Rey and La Liga)
- Winners (1): 1947
- Winners (1): 1984–1985
- Runners-up (1): 1982–1983
European competitions[edit]
- Winners (9): 1955–56*, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1997–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02
- Runners-up (3): 1961–62, 1963–64, 1980–81
- (* First ever winners)
- Winners (2): 1984–85, 1985–86
- Runners-up (2): 1970–71, 1982–83
- Winners (1): 2002
- Runners-up (2): 1998, 2000
Worldwide competitions[edit]
- Winners (3): 1960*, 1998, 2002
- Runners-up (2): 1966, 2000
- (* First ever winners)
See also[edit]
Reserve teams
Other
.png)
.jpg)
